Testing Radiation and HER2-targeted Therapy Versus HER2-targeted Therapy Alone for Low-risk HER2-positive Breast Cancer
Purpose
This Phase III trial compares the recurrence-free interval (RFI) among patients with early-stage, low risk HER2+ breast cancer who undergo breast conserving surgery and receive HER2-directed therapy, and are randomized to not receive adjuvant breast radiotherapy versus those who are randomized to receive adjuvant radiotherapy per the standard of care.
Condition
- HER2-positive Breast Cancer
Eligibility
- Eligible Ages
- Over 40 Years
- Eligible Genders
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- No
Inclusion Criteria
- The patient or a legally authorized representative must provide study-specific informed consent prior to study entry and, for patients treated in the U.S., authorization permitting release of personal health information. - female and male patients who have undergone breast conserving surgery and completed a minimum of 4 cycles (12 weeks) of neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy in combination with HER2-targeted therapy. -≥ 40 years of age - ECOG performance status of 0 ,1, or 2/Karnofsky performance status above 60 - Histologically or cytologically confirmed invasive breast carcinoma. - tumor must have been determined to be HER2-positive by current ASCO/CAP guidelines based on local testing results. - Patient must have undergone axillary staging, either sentinel node biopsy (SNB) or axillary lymph nodal dissection (ALND). In neoadjuvant patients, SNB following neoadjuvant therapy is strongly recommended. SNB prior to neoadjuvant therapy is discouraged, but patients are permitted if node negative (pN0). - The following staging criteria must be met according to AJCC 8th edition criteria: Adjuvant cohort : By pathologic evaluation, the patient's primary tumor must be </= 2 cm and ipsilateral nodes must be pN0. Surgical lumpectomy margins must be negative for invasive cancer and ductal carcinoma in situ (no ink on tumor). Neoadjuvant cohort: Prior to neoadjuvant therapy, the patient's primary tumor must be < 3 cm by imaging studies, with negative axillary nodes (cN0) based on axillary U/S, CT, PET or MRI. Physical examination is not sufficient documentation of cN0 status; • Must be ypT0N0 at surgery (lumpectomy); patients with residual non-invasive disease (DCIS) in the surgical specimen (ypTis), are NOT eligible. - For the Adjuvant cohort, adjuvant therapy must have consisted of a minimum of 4 cycles (12 weeks) of chemotherapy in combination with HER2-targeted therapy. - For the Neoadjuvant cohort, neoadjuvant therapy must have consisted of a minimum of 4 cycles (12 weeks) of chemotherapy in combination with HER2-targeted therapy.- ; Patients who did not receive chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting are not eligible, even if they achieved pCR with their preoperative treatment; nor would these patients become eligible by receiving chemotherapy after surgery. - In patients assigned to radiation therapy, treatment should start ≤ 12 weeks from surgery on the Neoadjuvant cohort and ≤ 8 weeks from the completion of chemotherapy on the Adjuvant cohort. Patients should continue HER2-targeted therapy during assigned study treatment (radiation or observation). - Bilateral mammogram or MRI within 52 weeks prior to randomization. - HIV-infected patients on effective anti-retroviral therapy with undetectable viral load within 6 months of randomization are eligible for this trial.
Exclusion Criteria
- Definitive clinical or radiologic evidence of metastatic disease. - On the Adjuvant cohort, patients with a primary tumor >2 cm on pathologic examination of the surgical specimen. On the Neoadjuvant cohort, patients with a primary tumor > 3 cm or with abnormal or suspicious ipsilateral axillary nodes by pretreatment imaging, unless demonstrated to be negative by cytologic or histologic examination. - Pathologically positive axillary nodes at any time including of pN0(i+) or pN0(mol+) ypN0(i+) or ypN0(mol+) disease. - Patient planning for or status-post mastectomy. - Radiographically suspicious ipsilateral or contralateral axillary, supraclavicular, infraclavicular, or internal mammary lymph nodes, unless there is histological confirmation that these nodes are negative for metastatic disease. - Suspicious microcalcifications, densities, or palpable abnormalities (in the ipsilateral or contralateral breast), or mass or non-mass enhancement on MRI (if performed) aside from the known cancer, unless biopsied and found to be benign. - Non-epithelial breast malignancies such as sarcoma or lymphoma. - Multicentric carcinoma (invasive cancer or DCIS) in more than one quadrant or separated by > 4 centimeters. If multifocal, all foci should be confined to a maximum tumor bed of 3 cm determined by pathological assessment. - Paget's disease of the nipple. - Synchronous (unilateral or bilateral) invasive breast cancer or DCIS. (Patients with synchronous and/or previous contralateral LCIS are eligible.) - On the Adjuvant cohort, surgical margins that cannot be microscopically assessed or are positive at pathologic evaluation. (If surgical margins are rendered free of disease by re-excision, the patient is eligible). - Treatment plan that includes regional nodal irradiation. - Patients treated for a prior invasive breast malignancy are excluded. Contralateral DCIS ≥ 10 years prior to enrollment is permissible. - Patients with a prior or concurrent malignancy whose natural history or treatment does not have the potential to interfere with the safety or efficacy assessment of the investigational regimen are eligible for this trial. - Patients on oral, transdermal, or subdermal estrogen replacement (including all estrogen only and estrogen-progesterone formulas) are not eligible unless discontinued prior to randomization. - Prior ipsilateral breast or thoracic RT for any condition (contralateral RT for DCIS ≥ 10 years prior to randomization is permitted). - Active collagen vascular disease, specifically dermatomyositis with a CPK level above normal or with an active systemic lupus erythematosus, or scleroderma. - Clinicians should consider whether any conditions would make this protocol unreasonably hazardous for the patient. - Pregnancy or lactation at the time of randomization or intention to become pregnant during treatment. (Note: Pregnancy testing according to institutional standards for patients of childbearing potential must be performed within 14 days prior to randomization.) - Use of any investigational product within 30 days prior to randomization.
Study Design
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Parallel Assignment
- Intervention Model Description
- Subjects who are receiving standard of care systemic HER2-targeted therapies are randomized to standard of care adjuvant breast radiation or no breast radiation
- Primary Purpose
- Treatment
- Masking
- None (Open Label)
Arm Groups
Arm | Description | Assigned Intervention |
---|---|---|
Active Comparator Standard of Care Adjuvant Breast Radiation |
Patients continue to receive their current planned adjuvant breast radiation and systemic HER2-targeted therapies |
|
Active Comparator Standard of Care HER2-targeted Therapy Without Adjuvant Breast Radiation |
Patients continue to receive their current systemic HER2-targeted therapy without breast adjuvant radiation |
|
Recruiting Locations
Phoenix, Arizona 85004
Tucson, Arizona 85719
Tucson, Arizona 85719
Antioch, California 94531
Arroyo Grande, California 93420
Arroyo Grande, California 93420
Auburn, California 95602
Auburn, California 95603
Beverly Hills, California 90211
Cameron Park, California 95682
Duarte, California 91010
Dublin, California 94568
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877-642-4691
Fremont, California 94538
Fremont, California 94538
Fresno, California 93720
Fresno, California 93720
Irvine, California 92612
Irvine, California 92618
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877-467-3411
Lancaster, California 93534
Los Angeles, California 90033
Los Angeles, California 90033
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323-865-0451
Los Angeles, California 90048
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310-423-8965
Modesto, California 95355
Modesto, California 95356
Mountain View, California 94040
Oakland, California 94611
Oakland, California 94611
Orange, California 92868
Palo Alto, California 94301
Palo Alto, California 94304
Pomona, California 91767
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909-865-9555
Rancho Cordova, California 95670
Redwood City, California 94063
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877-642-4691
Richmond, California 94801
Rohnert Park, California 94928
Roseville, California 95661
Roseville, California 95661
Roseville, California 95661
Roseville, California 95678
Sacramento, California 95814
Sacramento, California 95816
Sacramento, California 95817
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916-734-3089
Sacramento, California 95823
Sacramento, California 95823
San Francisco, California 94115
San Francisco, California 94115
San Jose, California 95119
San Jose, California 95124
San Leandro, California 94577
San Luis Obispo, California 93401
San Rafael, California 94903
Santa Barbara, California 93105
Santa Clara, California 95051
Santa Maria, California 93444
Santa Rosa, California 95403
Santa Rosa, California 95403
South Pasadena, California 91030
South San Francisco, California 94080
South San Francisco, California 94080
Stockton, California 95210
Sunnyvale, California 94086
Tarzana, California 91356
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818-981-3818
Torrance, California 90503
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877-467-3411
Torrance, California 90505
Upland, California 91786
Vacaville, California 95688
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Walnut Creek, California 94596
Aurora, Colorado 80045
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720-848-0650
Colorado Springs, Colorado 80907
Colorado Springs, Colorado 80907
Colorado Springs, Colorado 80909
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719-365-2406
Colorado Springs, Colorado 80920
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719-364-6700
Colorado Springs, Colorado 80923
Fort Collins, Colorado 80524
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Greeley, Colorado 80631
Highlands Ranch, Colorado 80129
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Loveland, Colorado 80538
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Atlantis, Florida 33462
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877-680-0008
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Sarasota, Florida 34232
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Atlanta, Georgia 30303
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Atlanta, Georgia 30308
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'Aiea, Hawaii 96701
'Aiea, Hawaii 96701
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Honolulu, Hawaii 96813
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Chicago, Illinois 60612
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Crown Point, Indiana 46307
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Ames, Iowa 50010
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Topeka, Kansas 66606
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785-295-8000
Westwood, Kansas 66205
Louisville, Kentucky 40202
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502-562-3429
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Baltimore, Maryland 21204
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Easton, Maryland 21601
Battle Creek, Michigan 49017
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Escanaba, Michigan 49829
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Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503
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Jackson, Michigan 49201
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248-551-7695
Saginaw, Michigan 48601
Tawas City, Michigan 48764
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248-551-7695
Troy, Michigan 48098
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Wyoming, Michigan 49519
Bemidji, Minnesota 56601
Brainerd, Minnesota 56401
Coon Rapids, Minnesota 55433
Deer River, Minnesota 56636
Duluth, Minnesota 55805
Duluth, Minnesota 55805
Duluth, Minnesota 55805
Duluth, Minnesota 55805
Edina, Minnesota 55435
Hibbing, Minnesota 55746
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218-786-3308
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55407
Monticello, Minnesota 55362
Saint Cloud, Minnesota 56303
Saint Paul, Minnesota 55101
Saint Paul, Minnesota 55102
Sandstone, Minnesota 55072
Shakopee, Minnesota 55379
Stillwater, Minnesota 55082
Virginia, Minnesota 55792
Waconia, Minnesota 55387
Columbus, Mississippi 39705
Grenada, Mississippi 38901
New Albany, Mississippi 38652
Oxford, Mississippi 38655
Southhaven, Mississippi 38671
Cape Girardeau, Missouri 63703
Farmington, Missouri 63640
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314-996-5569
Kansas City, Missouri 64154
Lee's Summit, Missouri 64064
North Kansas City, Missouri 64116
Saint Louis, Missouri 63128
Saint Louis, Missouri 63131
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314-996-5569
Saint Louis, Missouri 63141
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314-251-7066
Sainte Genevieve, Missouri 63670
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Springfield, Missouri 65804
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417-269-4520
Sullivan, Missouri 63080
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314-996-5569
Sunset Hills, Missouri 63127
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Billings, Montana 59101
Bozeman, Montana 59715
Bellevue, Nebraska 68123
Kearney, Nebraska 68847
Lincoln, Nebraska 68516
Omaha, Nebraska 68118
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402-559-5600
Omaha, Nebraska 68198
Henderson, Nevada 89052
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Las Vegas, Nevada 89148
Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756
Basking Ridge, New Jersey 07920
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212-639-7592
Middletown, New Jersey 07748
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Montvale, New Jersey 07645
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Bay Shore, New York 11706
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516-734-8896
Bronx, New York 10461
Bronx, New York 10461
Bronx, New York 10467
Canandaigua, New York 14424
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585-396-6161
Commack, New York 11725
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Dansville, New York 14437
Greenlawn, New York 11740
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Harrison, New York 10604
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Lake Success, New York 11042
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516-734-8896
Mount Kisco, New York 10549
New York, New York 10065
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Oswego, New York 13126
Rochester, New York 14606
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585-758-7877
Rochester, New York 14620
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585-341-8113
Rochester, New York 14623
Rochester, New York 14642
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585-275-5830
Sleepy Hollow, New York 10591
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914-366-1600
Staten Island, New York 10305
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718-226-8888
Stony Brook, New York 11794
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800-862-2215
Syracuse, New York 13210
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315-464-5476
Syracuse, New York 13215
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315-464-5476
Uniondale, New York 11553
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212-639-7592
Verona, New York 13478
Webster, New York 14580
Greenville, North Carolina 27834
Bismarck, North Dakota 58501
Fargo, North Dakota 58122
Fargo, North Dakota 58122
Beavercreek, Ohio 45431
Canton, Ohio 44708
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888-293-4673
Centerville, Ohio 45459
Centerville, Ohio 45459
Columbus, Ohio 43210
Columbus, Ohio 43214
Columbus, Ohio 43215
Columbus, Ohio 43228
Dayton, Ohio 45409
Dayton, Ohio 45409
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937-276-8320
Dayton, Ohio 45415
Dayton, Ohio 45415
Delaware, Ohio 43015
Delaware, Ohio 43015
Dublin, Ohio 43016
Franklin, Ohio 45005-1066
Franklin, Ohio 45005
Greenville, Ohio 45331
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937-569-7515
Kettering, Ohio 45429
Mansfield, Ohio 44903
Marion, Ohio 43302
Troy, Ohio 45373
Troy, Ohio 45373
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73120
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405-752-3402
Bend, Oregon 97701
Clackamas, Oregon 97015
Gresham, Oregon 97030
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503-413-2150
Newberg, Oregon 97132
Oregon City, Oregon 97045
Portland, Oregon 97210
Portland, Oregon 97213
Portland, Oregon 97225
Tualatin, Oregon 97062
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503-413-1742
Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
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412-647-2811
Providence, Rhode Island 02905
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401-274-1122
Warwick, Rhode Island 02886
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401-737-7010
Charleston, South Carolina 29425
West Columbia, South Carolina 29169
Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57104
Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57117-5134
Collierville, Tennessee 38017
Memphis, Tennessee 38120
Conroe, Texas 77384
Houston, Texas 77030
Houston, Texas 77079
League City, Texas 77573
Sugar Land, Texas 77478
Farmington, Utah 84025
Salt Lake City, Utah 84106
Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
Burlington, Vermont 05401
Burlington, Vermont 05405
Saint Johnsbury, Vermont 05819
Mechanicsville, Virginia 23116
Midlothian, Virginia 23114
Richmond, Virginia 23226
Richmond, Virginia 23230
Edmonds, Washington 98026
Issaquah, Washington 98029
Mount Vernon, Washington 98274
Seattle, Washington 98107
Seattle, Washington 98122
Vancouver, Washington 98684
Vancouver, Washington 98686
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503-413-2150
Antigo, Wisconsin 54409
Ashland, Wisconsin 54806
Ashland, Wisconsin 54806
Green Bay, Wisconsin 54301
Hayward, Wisconsin 54843
Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin 53051
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262-257-5100
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
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414-805-3666
Mukwonago, Wisconsin 53149
New Richmond, Wisconsin 54017
Oak Creek, Wisconsin 53154
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414-805-0505
Oconomowoc, Wisconsin 53066
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262-928-7878
Rhinelander, Wisconsin 54501
Sheboygan, Wisconsin 53081
Sheboygan, Wisconsin 53081
Spooner, Wisconsin 54801
Stevens Point, Wisconsin 54481
Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin 54235-1495
Superior, Wisconsin 54880
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701-364-6272
Waukesha, Wisconsin 53188
Wausau, Wisconsin 54401
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877-405-6866
West Bend, Wisconsin 53095
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414-805-0505
Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin 54494
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715-422-7718
Bayamon, Puerto Rico 00959-5060
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787-395-7085
Manati, Puerto Rico 00674
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787-621-4397
San Juan, Puerto Rico 00917
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787-274-3387
San Juan, Puerto Rico 00927
San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936
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More Details
- NCT ID
- NCT05705401
- Status
- Recruiting
- Sponsor
- NRG Oncology
Detailed Description
The landmark trials that established breast conservation therapy (BCT) (breast-conserving surgery followed by adjuvant breast irradiation) as a suitable alternative to mastectomy were conducted in an era that predated biological subtyping of breast cancer and the use of HER2-directed therapies in patients with HER2+ cancers. These trials established adjuvant radiotherapy following breast-conserving surgery as necessary to maximize local control, yet, in the intervening years, overall outcomes have improved significantly owing to widespread adoption of screening mammography, resulting in a substantial reduction in average tumor size at diagnosis, as well as improvements in surgical techniques and, crucial for this proposal, the development of highly active systemic therapies. Before the development of HER2-targeted therapies, patients with HER2-driven localized breast cancer had among the highest rates of local recurrence. However, with improved identification of these patients and the advent of HER2-directed therapies, outcomes have improved significantly, and trials have sought to optimize treatment to reduce the morbidity of both local and systemic treatment. Among the most salient of these examples is the APT trial, a single-arm adjuvant study that enrolled 410 breast cancer patients with HER2+ tumors ≤ 3cm in size and negative axillary nodes, who received adjuvant systemic therapy with weekly paclitaxel and trastuzumab for 12 weeks (TH) followed by 9 months of trastuzumab monotherapy. In addition to demonstrating a very low incidence of distant recurrence, among those on the trial who underwent BCT (lumpectomy and radiation, n = 244), only 2 local recurrence (LR) events have been reported after 7 years of follow-up (7-year LR = 1.2%), representing among the most favorable local outcomes of any breast cancer cohort studied to date. Confirmatory results are forthcoming from the ATEMPT trial, which evaluated the antibody-drug conjugate T-DM1 (ado-trastuzumab emtansine) (n=383) vs the TH regimen from the APT trial (n = 114), thus far showing only 3 LRs in each arm with a median 3-years of follow-up. Importantly, per the current standard of care for HER2+ patients undergoing BCT, all patients presumably received adjuvant breast radiotherapy. The balance of the BCT literature, including a landmark meta-analysis by the Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group, suggests that adjuvant radiotherapy approximately halves the risk of local recurrence following lumpectomy across all analyzable subgroups. While the relative benefit appears constant across subgroups, the absolute benefit of adjuvant radiotherapy varies with the underlying risk. Taking the favorable results of the APT trial (1.2% 7-year LR), if one presumes that omission of radiotherapy yields a doubling or tripling of local recurrence (based on the observed RR of 0.5 - 0.66 for those receiving radiotherapy across the preponderance of historical trials), this population might have manifested a LR rate of 2.4 - 3.6% with the omission of radiotherapy. That is to say, the hypothesis is that administration of RT to APT patients undergoing BCT may have reduced the 7-year absolute risk of LR by only 1.2-2.4%. Through the identification of patients who are at low risk of LR, it may be acceptable for such patients to forego radiation. This hypothesis will be studied by evaluating omission of radiotherapy among patients with pT1N0 disease at breast-conserving surgery who receive adjuvant HER2-directed therapy (trastuzumab/paclitaxel preferred, other options per protocol), or with clinical tumors ≤ 3 cm and clinically negative axillary nodes (cN0) who achieve a pathologic complete response (pCR; ypT0N0) following preoperative (neoadjuvant) administration of HER2-directed therapy (trastuzumab/paclitaxel preferred, other options per protocol). It is expcted that the 5-year LR rate for this population omitting radiotherapy will be 2% or less, and that omission of radiation will not have a measurable impact on regional and distant recurrences or overall survival. The practice of breast radiation oncology has benefited immensely from practice-changing trials that have refined the application of adjuvant radiotherapy since the early surgical studies determined whole breast radiotherapy to be necessary following lumpectomy. There are now several favorable breast cancer subtypes in which patients routinely forego radiotherapy after trials demonstrating modest benefits in terms of local recurrence and no impact on distant recurrence or survival, such as among small, low grade luminal cancers in older women and "good-risk" DCIS. Therefore, this will study the omission of radiotherapy among a population of HER2+ breast cancer patients who are now appreciated to also have favorable risk, so as to similarly weigh the attendant inconveniences, cost and morbidity of radiotherapy in light of an established absolute benefit, which may prove to be modest.